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Rear Admiral George Wallace Melville, USN (10 January 1841 – 17 March 1912) was an engineer, Arctic explorer and author. As chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering, he headed a time of great expansion, technological progress and change, often in defiance of the conservative element of the Navy hierarchy. He superintended the design of 120 ships and introduced the water-tube boiler, the triple-screw propulsion system, vertical engines, the floating repair ship, and the "distilling ship." Appointed Engineer in Chief of the Navy, Melville reformed the service entirely, putting Navy engineers on a professional rather than an artisan footing. Melville also established the Engineering Experiment Station (EES) near the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis. As Engineer-in-Chief of the Navy, he fought hard to get an appropriation of $400,000 for an experiment and testing laboratory to be located at Annapolis. He argued that such a facility would be a dependable means for testing machinery and equipment before its installation in Navy ships and aid training engineering officers. Both, he surmised, would increase the efficiency of the Navy. When the Navy offered to have this facility named after him, Melville refused with characteristic modesty. Melville made his first trip to the Arctic in 1873, when he volunteered to help rescue 19 survivors of the Polaris expedition. Six years later, he volunteered to accompany Lieutenant Commander George W. DeLong on board the ''USS Jeannette'' to the Bering Strait in search of a quick way to the North Pole. ''Jeannette'' became icebound and was eventually crushed; Melville, the 10 others in his small boat, and two from DeLong's boat, were the only survivors. Despite the extreme length and hardships of the trip, he returned in search of DeLong and others who might possibly still be alive. He found none but retrieved all records of the expedition. The United States Congress awarded Melville the Congressional Gold Medal for his gallantry and resourcefulness; the Navy advanced him 15 numbers on the promotion list. He wrote of the DeLong expedition in his book, ''In the Lena Delta'', published in 1884. ==Birth and Civil War== Melville was born in New York City on 10 January 1841, the son of Alexander Melville, a chemist, and Sarah Wallace. He was educated at the School of the Christian Brothers, a religious academy, where he studied mathematics, and at the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute.〔http://suvcw.org/mollus/pcinc/gwmelville.htm〕 He entered the U.S. Navy on 29 July 1861 and became an officer of the Engineer Corps, with the rank of Third Assistant Engineer. His first year afloat was spent on the Great Lakes' gunboat ''Michigan'', during which time he was promoted to Second Assistant Engineer. Melville served in the sloops of war ''Dacotah'' and ''Wachusett'' from mid-1862 until late in 1864, taking part in the capture of CSS ''Florida'' in October 1864. He finished the Civil War in the Hampton Roads, Virginia, area working with torpedo boats and as an engineer on the gunboat ''Maumee''. After the war was over, First Assistant Engineer Melville served aboard several ships, among them the experimental cruiser ''Chattanooga'', gunboat ''Tacony'', steam sloop ''Lancaster'' and Asiatic Squadron flagship ''Tennessee''. For the remainder of his life, Melville belonged to the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, serving as national commander-in-chief of the Loyal Legion from 1911 to 1912. In 1867, Melville married Henrietta Beatty Waldron of Buffalo, NY. The couple had three children. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George W. Melville」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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